Public Report

// audit details
Public report

Kora

solana-paymaster-service

design reviewformal verificationformal modellingfuzzingcode review
October 22, 2025SolanaCode Review Audit

Critical / High

9Highest severity

Medium

10Moderate risk

Low / Informative

16Lower severity

Report files

1Downloadable assets

Audit lifecycle

Public reports represent completed engagements with finalized deliverables.

Completed
1

Completed

Scheduled

Scope, timeline, and review plan were agreed.

2

Completed

In Progress

Manual review and verification work were carried out.

Current stage

Completed

The engagement wrapped with a published final report.

Executive Summary

High-level assessment and conclusions

A concise overview of the audit scope, core findings, and the key outcomes from the engagement.

The Solana Foundation engaged Runtime Verification, Inc. to audit the Kora protocol and its infrastructure. The audit aimed to review the Rust-based business logic and implementation to identify potential malfunctions or security vulnerabilities.

Kora is a Solana paymaster service enabling fee abstraction and gasless transactions, allowing users to pay fees in tokens other than SOL. Operators cover network fees in SOL and receive alternative tokens in return. The system includes a Rust-based JSON-RPC server, multi-signer pool support, configurable pricing, and fine-grained access control via allowlists and fee payer policies.

Conducted over eight weeks, September 3rd to October 29th, the audit included a design review, manual code review, threat modeling, fuzz testing, and automated static analysis to assess security-critical invariants and identify potential vulnerabilities and code quality issues.

Reports

Download the audit artifacts

Access the published PDF deliverables associated with this engagement.

1 file

PDF report 1

Kora.pdf

Download the published report for this engagement.

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